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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = Counties |subdivision_name2 = Midland, Martin |government_type = Council-Manager |leader_title = City Council |leader_name = Mayor Jerry Morales Councilman Spencer Robnett Councilman J.Ross Lacy Councilwoman Sharla Hotchkiss Councilman Scott Dufford Councilman Jeff Sparks Councilman John Love III |leader_title1 = City Manager |leader_name1 = Courtney Sharp |established_date = 1885 |unit_pref = US |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_total_km2 = 185.2 |area_land_km2 = 184.7 |area_water_km2 = 0.5 | |area_total_sq_mi = 71.5 |area_land_sq_mi = 71.3 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.2 |elevation_ft = 2782 |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |latd = 32 |latm = 0 |latNS = N |longd = 102 |longm = 6 |longEW = W |population_footnotes = 〔 |population_as_of = 2013 |population_total = 123,933 |population_metro = 295,987|population_density_km2 = 601.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 1558.9 |timezone = CST |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 79701-12 |area_code = 432 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 48-48072〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Census Bureau )〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1341547 |blank2_name = Demonym |blank2_info = Midlander |website = (midlandtexas.gov ) |footnotes = | }} Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 on the Southern Plains of the state's western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County. At the 2010 census, the population of Midland was 111,147, and a 2013 estimate of 123,933 making it the twenty-fifth most populous city in the state of Texas. Due to the oil boom in Midland, certain officials have estimated the population to be hovering around 155,000 to 165,000. The population of the Midland metropolitan area, composed of Midland County, grew 4.6 percent to 151,662 between July 1, 2011, and July 1, 2012, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. It is the principal city of the Midland, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Midland County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland−Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 295,987 on July 1, 2012. People in Midland are called Midlanders. Midland was originally founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. It has received national recognition as being the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the onetime home of former Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, and former First Lady Barbara Bush. ==History== Midland was originally established in June 1881 as Midway Station, on the Texas and Pacific Railway. It earned its name because of its central location between Fort Worth and El Paso, but because there were already other towns in Texas by the name of Midway, the city changed its name to Midland in January 1884 when it was granted its first Post Office. Midland became the county seat of Midland county in March 1885 when that county was first organized and separated from Tom Green County. By 1890 it had become one of the most important cattle shipping centers in the state. The city was first incorporated in 1906, and by 1910 the city established its first fire department along with a new water system. Midland was forever changed by the discovery of oil in the Permian Basin in 1923 when the Santa Rita No. 1 well began producing in Reagan County, followed shortly by the Yates Oil Field in Iraan, Texas. Soon, Midland was transformed into the administrative center of the West Texas oil fields. During the second world war Midland was the largest bombardier training base in the country. A second boom period began after the Second World War, with the discovery and development of the Spraberry Trend, still ranked as the third-largest oil field in the United States by total reserves.〔(Top 100 Oil and Gas Fields (Department of Energy) )〕 Yet another boom period occurred during the 1970s, with the high oil prices associated with the oil and energy crises of that decade. Today, the Permian Basin produces one fifth of the nation's total petroleum and natural gas output. Midland's economy still relies heavily on petroleum; however, the city has also diversified to become a regional telecommunications and distribution center. By August 2006, a busy period of crude oil production had caused a significant workforce deficit. According to the Midland Chamber of Commerce, at that time there were almost 2,000 more jobs available in the Permian Basin than there were workers to fill them. John Howard Griffin wrote a history of Midland in 1959, ''Land of the High Sky.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Midland, Texas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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